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Benton McMillin (September 11, 1845 – January 8, 1933) was an American politician and diplomat. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1899 to 1903, and represented Tennessee's 4th district in the United States House of Representatives from 1879 to 1899. He served as a diplomat during the administration of President Woodrow Wilson, initially as Minister to Peru (1913–1919), and afterward as Minister to Guatemala (1920–1921).〔Leonard Schlup, "(Benton McMillin )," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2009. Retrieved: 19 November 2012.〕 Known as the "Democratic War Horse" for his persistent campaigning on behalf of the Democratic Party, McMillin served as an elector in fourteen presidential elections from 1876 to 1932, and attended nearly every Democratic National Convention during this period. As governor, he signed anti-child labor legislation and standardized the state's school textbooks. His attempts to create a federal income tax as a congressman led to the landmark Supreme Court decision, ''Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.'' (1895), which declared federal income taxes unconstitutional.〔 ==Early life== McMillin was born in Monroe County, Kentucky, the son of John McMillin, a wealthy planter,〔 and Elizabeth (Black) McMillin.〔Phillip Langsdon, ''Tennessee: A Political History'' (Franklin, Tenn.: Hillsboro Press, 2000), pp. 232–237.〕 He attended Philomath Academy in Clay County, Tennessee, and later attended Kentucky A&M (now the University of Kentucky) in Lexington.〔 During the Civil War, McMillin supported the Confederacy, and wanted to join the Confederate Army, but was unable to obtain his father's permission. At one point, he was captured by Union forces and briefly jailed for refusing to take the Oath of Allegiance.〔 After the war, McMillin studied law with Judge E.L. Gardenshire in Carthage, Tennessee.〔 He was admitted to the bar in 1871, and began practicing in Celina, Tennessee.〔 In 1874, he was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives. The following year, he was appointed by Governor James D. Porter to negotiate a territorial purchase from Kentucky.〔 In 1877, following his term in the state legislature, he was appointed special judge of the state's Fifth Judicial District by Governor Porter.〔 In 1878, McMillin was elected to the first of ten consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, defeating 4th District incumbent Haywood Y. Riddle. Throughout his 20-year tenure, McMillin opposed excess government spending, tariffs, and most of the nation's global exploits, which he deemed imperialistic. He also opposed the Lodge Bill of 1890, which would have provided protections for black voters in the South.〔 McMillin supported antitrust legislation and currency expansion. As a member of the House Rules Committee in the 1890s, he frequently challenged Speaker of the House Thomas B. Reed.〔 In 1894, McMillin attached an amendment to the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act that would have established a federal income tax. The law was challenged in federal court, however, and in 1895, the Supreme Court ruled federal income taxes unconstitutional when it issued its decision in ''Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.''〔 McMillin continued campaigning in favor of federal income taxes until the adoption of the 16th Amendment, which gave the federal government the power to collect income taxes, in 1913. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Benton McMillin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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